Soumis par Etienne Braud le 26 mar 2018
Une étude sur la santé vient de démontrer que l'expansion des réseaux cyclables avaient un impact significatif sur la santé humaine. Effet qui parait intuitif mais l'ancrage dans la roche par une démonstration scientifique très sérieuse permet à cet argument d'avoir un poids politique tout autre que le simple bon sens ou la simple parole d'association convaincue.
Vélo En Têt se réjouit de l'augmentation de parution d'études sur les bienfaits de la pratique du vélo.
Graphique mettant en relation les kilomètres cyclables de villes européennes avec la part e cyclistes dans les déplacements.
Article sur une étude d'impacts sur la santé de l'augmentation des réseaux cyclables en Europe
Titre (Anglais) : Health impact assessment of cycling network expansions in European cities Titre (Français) : Évaluation de l'impact sanitaire des expansions de réseaux cyclables dans les villes européennes
Auteurs Natalie Mueller, David Rojas-Rueda, Maëlle Salmon, David Martinez, Albert Ambros, Christian Brand, Audrey de Nazelle, Evi Dons, Mailin Gaupp-Berghausen, Regine Gerike, Thomas Götschi, Francesco Iacorossi, Luc Int Panis, Sonja Kahlmeier, Elisabeth Raser, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
Revue scientifique
Preventive Medicine , Volume 109, 2018, Pages 62-70,
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091743517304978
Résumé en Anglais
We conducted a health impact assessment (HIA) of cycling network expansions in seven European cities. We modeled the association between cycling network length and cycling mode share and estimated health impacts of the expansion of cycling networks. First, we performed a non-linear least square regression to assess the relationship between cycling network length and cycling mode share for 167 European cities. Second, we conducted a quantitative HIA for the seven cities of different scenarios (S) assessing how an expansion of the cycling network [i.e. 10% (S1); 50% (S2); 100% (S3), and all-streets (S4)] would lead to an increase in cycling mode share and estimated mortality impacts thereof. We quantified mortality impacts for changes in physical activity, air pollution and traffic incidents. Third, we conducted a cost–benefit analysis. The cycling network length was associated with a cycling mode share of up to 24.7% in European cities. The all-streets scenario (S4) produced greatest benefits through increases in cycling for London with 1,210 premature deaths (95% CI: 447–1,972) avoidable annually, followed by Rome (433; 95% CI: 170–695), Barcelona (248; 95% CI: 86–410), Vienna (146; 95% CI: 40–252), Zurich (58; 95% CI: 16–100) and Antwerp (7; 95% CI: 3–11). The largest cost–benefit ratios were found for the 10% increase in cycling networks (S1). If all 167 European cities achieved a cycling mode share of 24.7% over 10,000 premature deaths could be avoided annually. In European cities, expansions of cycling networks were associated with increases in cycling and estimated to provide health and economic benefits.
Mots-clés
Cost–benefit analysis; Cycling network; Health impact assessment; Mode share; Mortality; Open data